Team


Professor David Williams

My research interests primarily focus in the fields of oral microbiology and microbial biofilms. Previous research has been directed towards elucidating the role of Candida in chronic hyperplastic candidosis (CHC), which led to the development of novel genotypic methods for identifying Candida species in fixed tissues. The significance of this work was recognised through receipt of both the Colgate Prize and the IADR/Unilever Hatton Award. Additional Candida research has included the study of antifungal susceptibility of Candida species, virulence gene expression and real-time PCR detection of Candida in oral samples. I have also investigated interaction of Candida with associated bacteria in oral tissue and on medical devices (e.g. silicone rubber, acrylic, and titanium). The invasive properties of Candida based on in vitro tissue models has successfully revealed strain and species variation which could have significance in disease progression. Research in this area has benefited through collaboration with colleagues at the University of Minho (Braga, Portugal), the Gdansk Institute of Technology (Gdansk, Poland), and the Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas (Piracicaba, Brazil).  have also been involved in studies aimed at elucidating the innate immune response to Candida through cytokine signalling, T-cell differentiation and immune cell infiltration of infected tissues.
Additional biofilm research projects have included the study of endotracheal tube biofilms and their role in ventilator-associated pneumonia, a leading cause of mortality in intensive care units. This work was initiated through close collaboration with Professor J Thomas (University of West Virginia, USA) and in close collaboration with colleagues in the ICU of the University Hospital of Wales. Urinary tract catheter biofilms are a leading cause of healthcare associated infection and with industrial collaboration together with colleagues at the Bristol Urological Institute we have developed medical devices to aid in the management of these infections.
Chronic wounds are those that do not heal within an expected time-frame and represent a significant cause of patient morbidity and increased healthcare costs. One potential factor involved in delayed wound healing is the presence of microbial biofilms within the wound which are often recalcitrant to antibiotic therapy. Our research has not only characterised these biofilms through culture and molecular analysis but also focused on mechanisms to rapidly detect pathogenic bacterial biofilms within the tissue. 

Dr Ruben Sakrabani

I am a soil chemist with a research interest in soil fertility and use of organic amendments to meet crop nutrient requirements and improve soil health. Within the organic amendments, livestock manure, biosolids and others may contain residual antibiotic active ingredients and can be transferred to soil in an agricultural context when these are applied. Some parameters in soil such as heavy metals can form stable complexes that can contribute towards persistence of AMR in soil. I am keen to explore how these factors can be assessed and controlled to minimise AMR in the environment. With the increase in fertiliser prices and the growing concern in preserving soil health and carbon sequestration, application of organic amendments is getting more popular. However we need a balanced approach to ensure that this practice is sustained and any potential negative impacts can be mitigated. 

Dr Zhugen Yang

Dr Zhugen Yang is currently a Senior Lecturer in Sensor Technology, leading a UKCRIC-funded Advanced sensors lab at Cranfield University. He has received three prestigious Fellowships/awards for different career stages, EU Marie Curie Fellow (2013-15), UKRI NERC Fellowship (2018-2021), and Leverhulme Research Leadership Award (2023-2028). His multidisciplinary team focuses on the development of low-cost, rapid and point-of-use sensors and devices for environmental science (e.g. microbial contamination in drinking water), public health (e.g. wastewater epidemiology for pathogens including SARS-CoV-2 and chemicals (e.g.,illicit drugs), and biomedical diagnostics (e.g. infectious disease and cancer). 
Dr Yang was awarded a prestigious UK NERC Fellowship to start his independent academic career in 2018, leading a group on Advanced Sensors for Water-Environment-Health nexus. He was appointed as a Lecturer (UK tenure)  at The University of Glasgow’s School of Engineering, before relocating the group to Cranfield University in 2019. He completed a postdoc at the University of Cambridge and EU Marie Curie Fellow at the University of Bath, after he earned his PhD  in Micro and Nanotechnology at the University of Lyon (Ecole Centrale, France),  MSc (SYSU) and BEng (HIT) in China.
His research has been sponsored with over £5M, from UKRI (EPSRC, NERC, BBSRC), Leverhulme Trust, Royal Academy of Engineering and industry and government organisation, leading to over 60 referred articles (including PNAS, Nat Commun, ES&T, Water Res, ACS Nano, ACS Sens, Anal Chem, TrAC), several UK and international patents and a number of plenary/keynote talks at international conference, serving as Associate Editor/Guest Editor/Editorial Member for several international journals (e.g. TrAC, If 14.9). His research has been featured in Science Magazine,  as well as media coverages including BBC (BBC News, Science Action), Washington Post, Yahoo, China Daily etc. The origami-paper device has been displayed at London Science Museum.  

 

Professor Maïwenn Kersaudy-Kerhoas

Maïwenn Kersaudy-Kerhoas is a Professor in Microfluidic Engineering in the School of Engineering and Physical Sciences at Heriot-Watt University. She holds a research MSc degree in micro and nanotechnologies from the Technical University of Lille (France), and an MSc degree from the Institut Superieur de l’Electronique et du Numerique (Brest-Lille, France). She was awarded a PhD at Heriot-Watt in July 2010. This study involved the development of a microfluidic chip for blood plasma extraction for detection of cell-free nucleic acids (DNA, RNA). In 2012 she was awarded a five year Royal Academy of Engineering Fellowship to develop microfluidic systems for prenatal diagnostics. In 2014 she was elected as a member of EPSRC Early Career forum in Manufacturing Research and entered the Young Academy of Scotland. In 2018 she was awarded a £1M EPSRC Healthcare Technology Challenge Award to develop total pre-analytical systems for cfDNA extraction at the point-of-need. Using this award and pre-commercialisation funding from Scottish Enterprise High Growth Spin Out programme she created with her team CNASafe, and automated platform and patented fluidic cartridge for cfDNA extraction. This technology is now under clinical pilot for use in an integrated workflow (iSEP-SEQ) for the identification of sepsis-causing pathogens.

Professor Matthew Fisher

Matthew Fisher works on emerging pathogenic fungi. His research uses an evolutionary framework to investigate the biological and environmental factors that are driving emerging fungal diseases across human, wildlife and plant species. Wildlife and their environments play a key role in the emergence of human emerging infectious disease (EID) by providing a ‘zoonotic pool’ from which previously unknown pathogens emerge. Conversely, human action impacts on patterns of fungal disease via the perturbation of natural systems, the introduction, and the spread of pathogenic fungi into naive environments, and by rapid natural selection for phenotypes such as resistance to antimicrobial drugs. These interactions are leading to an upswing of new fungal infections in new places, causing new (and exacerbating old) human diseases. Matthew Fisher’s research group is focused on research using genomic, epidemiological, ecological and experimental analysis to uncover the factors driving these EIDs, and to attempt to develop new methods of diagnosis and control. 

Professor Pantelis Georgiou

Pantelis Georgiou currently holds the position of Professor of Biomedical Electronics at Imperial College London within the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering. He is the head of the Bio-inspired Metabolic and Infection Technology Laboratory in the Centre for Bio-Inspired Technology; a multi-disciplinary group that invents, develops and demonstrates advanced micro-devices to meet global challenges in biomedical science and healthcare. His research includes ultra-low power micro-electronics, bio-inspired circuits and systems, lab-on-chip technology and application of micro-electronic technology to create novel medical devices. Application areas of his research include new technologies for treatment of diabetes such as the artificial pancreas, novel Lab-on-Chip technology for genomics and diagnostics targeted towards infectious disease and antimicrobial resistance (AMR), and wearable technologies for rehabilitation of chronic conditions. 
Prof. Georgiou graduated with a 1st Class Honours MEng Degree in Electrical and Electronic Engineering in 2004 and Ph.D. degree in 2008 both from Imperial College London. He then joined the Institute of Biomedical Engineering as Research Associate until 2010, when he was appointed Head of the Bio-inspired Metabolic Technology Laboratory. In 2011, he joined the Department of Electrical & Electronic Engineering, where he currently holds an academic faculty position. He has made significant contributions to the development of integrated chemical-sensing systems in CMOS for Lab-on-Chip applications. He has pioneered the development of the Ion-Sensitive Field Effect Transistor, an integrated pH sensor which is currently being used in next generation DNA sequencing machines and rapid diagnostic systems for detection of infectious diseases. Prof. Georgiou is a senior member of the IEEE and IET and Chair of the IEEE BioCAS TC and serves on Sensory Systems technical committee of the IEEE CAS Society. He is an associate editor of the IEEE Sensors and TBioCAS journals. In 2013 he was awarded the IET Mike Sergeant Achievement Medal for his outstanding contributions to engineering and development of the bio-inspired artificial pancreas. In 2017, he was also awarded the IEEE Sensors Council Technical Achievement award. He is also on the IEEE Sensors council as a member at large and an IEEE Distinguished Lecturer. He is Co-founder and CEO of ProtonDx, commercialising technologies for rapid diagnostics for infectious diseases.

Professor Francis Drobniewski

Francis Drobniewski is a Professor of Global Health and Tuberculosis at Imperial College, London (ICL), a physician and microbiologist (accredited in Microbiology, Virology and Immunology). He has 25 years’ experience as PI/Co-I for complex respiratory disease research programmes focusing on TB/HIV and antimicrobial drug resistance, integrating clinical, biological and social themes. He has held Board leadership roles in academia and the NHS.
He is: Fellow of ESCMID (2017- ); Member ICL Antimicrobial Research Collaborative; NIHR Health Protection Research Unit Respiratory Infections, ICL (2014-2017); Founder member ECDC TB Reference Lab Network (2009-onwards); Global CrypTIC TB DST Consortium; Director UK National Mycobacterium (TB) Reference Laboratory (1996-2015) Consultant Microbiologist (p/t) University Hospitals Dorset 2017- current;  Member of British Thoracic Society MDRTB National Advisory Panel; NICE Clinical TB Adviser; Member MRC DPFS Grants Panel (2021-  ); Member NICE-TAC (determines NHS drug etc purchasing/provision).  UK NHS COVID Clinical Reference Group and diagnostics (2020-21).Research expertise in diagnostics, AMR, disease risk factor and survival analysis, covid vaccine: TB/HIV LMIC programme development and implementation (EU FP6, FP7 and H2020, DFID and WHO); ECDC TB Network (see above) focuses on diagnostics and analysis of drug resistance; training programmes (including Ukraine) for WHO, British Council; published over 280 peer-reviewed papers in these areas. Current Chief Investigator VAROT Study looking at post aminoglycoside hearing analysis and Horizon Europe EuCARE Covid 19 UK (UK arm of a multicenter Covid 19 consortium considering all aspects of Covid infection from diagnosis and genomics to survival by variant, immunology vaccine hesitancy, and UK NHS COVID Clinical Reference Group and diagnostics. WHO: diagnosis and treatment of drug resistant bacterial infections (AMR), and management of MDRTB and HIV-TB. Until recently involved in WHO Europe groups (former WHO Consultant)
Leadership and Management: Non-Executive Board Director Kent Community Hospital Trust (2018-2022); Chair WHO European Laboratory Initiative on TB, HIV and viral hepatitis, until 2022) including supporting COVID19 strategy; Member Divisional Management Boards HPA/PHE, QMUL, ICL. Director/Co Lead DFID and EU Framework Programmes 1990-current); Director Health Sciences Research Ltd (2006-current).
Research: Our research sits firmly at the boundary of basic and translational sciences where scientific advances in for example,  understanding the genetic and biochemical mechanisms of drug resistance have been developed into practical diagnostic tests, evaluated in multicenter trials and implemented into NHS and clinical practice.  These have involved utlising multiple approaches including social and behavioural ones to address clinical problems and achieve desired goals. These have been funded principally through a series of EU Framework grants including Horizon Europe as well as NIHR, Wellcome Trust, DFID, MRC, FIND, Innovate etc.
TB and COVID-19 provide  excellent models for public health and the development of national and international health and social policy issues including vaccine hesitancy. 
Similarly the patients we typically deal with (eg TB, HIV, multi-cultural, ethnic and linguistic, frequently with major social problems including alcoholism, intra-venous drug abuse, homeless ness, prior imprisonment) require a multi-disciplinary scientific and clinical approach to address complex needs and perceptions about their illness.

  

Dr Leon Barron

Emerging Chemical Contaminants Team lead within the Environmental Research Group 

The aim of the Emerging Chemical Contaminants team is to further our understanding of the sources, risks and impacts existing, emerging and new chemical contaminants on environmental and public health. His projects have mainly focussed on pharmaceuticals, personal care products, illicit drugs, pesticides, disinfectant by-products, security-related substances (e.g., CB and E) and industrial chemicals. His work spans across all environmental spheres (soil, water, air and biological materials).

Research Interests:
Analytical Science: His particular strength lies in trace environmental analysis and has core expertise in the separation sciences (e.g. LC, IC, GC, IMS and CE), advanced sampling/sample preparation (e.g. including on/offline SPE, passive sampling, pressurised liquid extraction), high and low resolution (tandem) mass spectrometry and data mining/computational modelling (e.g., machine learning and multivariate analysis for large datasets). 

Chemical Risk Assessment: He actively researches in understanding the breadth, sources and fate of and as well as phenotypic and molecular level toxicological effects on biota. He is particularly interested in New Approach Methods (NAMs) including novel predictive in silico and in vitro tools for chemical hazard and risk assessment. This includes performing exposure-based and machine-learning enhanced metabolomics and lipidomics to understand molecular-level effects, and mainly in terrestrial and aquatic invertebrates.

Wastewater-Based Epidemiology: Near real-time population-level health assessment through the wastewater analysis. His team has been a member of the Sewage analysis CORE Group since 2011 contributing to knowledge of the health of ~30 countries and 90 cities globally. For example, we have provided data for London annually to the European Monitoring Centre for Drugs & Drug Addiction on illicit drug use in the EU.

Early Threat Warning and ‘Environmental Forensics’: He focuses on identifying chemical or physical evidence that may indicate illegal activity including contact or clandestine manufacturing of illicit substances, chemical pollution or identifying imminent threats to public safety. With a significant track record in forensic science, he specialises in identifying trace chemical signatures in forensic evidence types such as fingermarks, biological materials, as well as environmental matrices including early detection of explosives and new chemical/biological contaminants and hazards in the environment. He also led a major project on developing fit for purpose technologies for recovering forensic evidence from poached ivory which is now in use in >40 countries globally.

 

Professor Taane Clarke

Taane G. Clark is Professor of Genomics & Global Health, with a background in statistics, machine learning, ‘omics and epidemiology. He investigates genetic variation in pathogen, vector and human populations in infectious diseases using high throughput sequencing technologies, population genetics, AI and GWAS tools. He is leading global genetic diversity projects of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Plasmodium species and AMR bacterial pathogens, as well as developing statistical and informatic tools to integrate genetic and important phenotypic information and identify genetic regions associated with important disease phenotypes (e.g. drug resistance). Prof. Clark develops molecular barcodes for inferring geographical source, transmission, and AMR, applied within in silico profiling software tools to assist clinical management (e.g., TB-Profiler; Malaria-Profiler). He builds and strengthens capacity for genomic-base investigations, including through organising short courses in Infectious Disease ‘omics and Genomic epidemiology.  

Dr Noah Fongwen

Noah Fongwen is a Clinical Research Fellow at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM) and Head of Diagnostic Access at Africa CDC. He is a global health expert skilled in advanced research methods, implementation science, economic evaluation of complex public health interventions, and point-of-care technologies. He has expertise in clinical medicine, laboratory medicine, public health, and health policy. He has been a project leader/coordinator in several projects, including the Wellcome Trust-funded international project to explore a new regulatory policy framework to accelerate access to diagnostics. At the Africa CDC, he leads diagnostics development and evaluation, streamlining regulatory access, post-marketing surveillance, policy development, and community uptake. Before joining the London School and Africa CDC, he worked as a medical officer and public health specialist for the Ministry of Public Health in Cameroon. During this period, he led the implementation of quality assurance for HIV tests and community sensitization for chronic diseases and supported the expanded program for immunization.
As head of access at Africa CDC, he has contributed significantly to developing policy documents such as the Africa CDC biobanking manual and the manual for multi-disease surveillance in Africa. He is working with Prof Rosanna Peeling and Prof David Heymann to pilot multi-disease surveillance using diagnostics at different health system levels. As the head of innovation at the Africa CDC innovation hub, he is leading a systemic review and continent-wide project to explore the role of telephone hotlines in outbreak response. This project will set up a network of telephone hotlines that can be leveraged to support response to outbreaks.
He has also been a WHO consultant in developing Target Product Profiles(TPPs) for diagnostics for NTDs such as Dengue, Yaws, and Mycetoma. He is also the WHO TDR Global coordinator for decentralizing TDR Global activities. He has more than 40 peer-reviewed publications, including book chapters and editorials.

Jode Phelan

London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine 

Professor Susana Campino

I completed my PhD at the University of Umea, Sweden on the “Genetic analysis of murine malaria”. In 2004, I was awarded a Marie Curie Post Doc fellowship to work on “Genetic determinants of human severe malaria” at the University of Oxford. In 2007, I moved to The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute to investigate the worldwide genetic diversity of the malaria parasites Plasmodium falciparum. I had the opportunity to conduct fieldwork in several endemic regions (e.g. Thailand, Cambodia, Burkina Faso). This post also gave me the opportunity to expand my knowledge on whole genome sequencing analysis and population genetics. I moved to the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine in 2015 to work on evolution of malaria parasite and to develop genetic barcodes for malaria surveillance. I am also involved in projects related to the genetic diversity of Mycobacteria tuberculosis and Zika virus.

Dr Sourav Ghosh

Sourav Ghosh is a Senior Lecturer in Sensors Technologies at Loughborough University. His key research interest is in developing novel acoustic and fluorescence tests for rapid detection of pathogens (bacteria, viruses), antimicrobial resistance (AMR), biofilms, and small molecules. Following his PhD in acoustic biosensors from Cambridge (2011), he worked as a research associate in a EU FP7 consortium project, applying his acoustic method for influenza virus detection. In his academic position at Loughborough since 2013, he has led multiple EU- and UKRI-funded research for rapid detection of norovirus, coronavirus, urinary tract, wound and enteric infections and online bioprocess monitoring. His nonlinear acoustic sensor has been adopted as a research tool by leading international universities, including Stanford (US) and EU partner universities. His fluorescence beacon-based method is now being developed as a rapid phenotypic point-of-care test for pathogens and AMR in a Loughborough-based start-up, Cromerix, where he is the Director.

Dr Nichola Hawkins

Nichola’s research focuses on the evolutionary biology of plant pathogens, and how we can develop more durable crop disease control strategies against ever-evolving pathogen populations. This includes factors driving the evolution of fungicide resistance, and how these will apply to future crop protection measures, in pathogens including Zymoseptoria tritici which causes the major wheat disease Septoria leaf blotch. She is developing new methods for studying the evolution of fungicide resistance in the lab, in order to more accurately predict the risk of control failure in the field, to better inform resistance management guidelines and the development of lower-risk products in future.
Her current research project (April 2022-205) titled ‘Predicting the durability and resistance risk of crop protection measures through experimental evolution of plant pathogens’ is funded by the BBSRC Discovery Fellowship.

Dr Chien-Yi Chang

Chien-Yi Chang is a Lecturer in the School of Dental Sciences at Newcastle University. He was trained as a microbiologist and received his BSc and MSc in Taiwan. He then studied and received his PhD from the University of Nottingham in the UK. His research interests are to answer fundamental questions concerning how bacteria sense and respond to their surroundings and stresses coming from other microbial competitors or host cells by using genetic, genomic and advanced microscopic approaches. He has been working in multidisciplinary environments and involving several translational and clinical-relevant projects with clinicians, chemists, and biomaterial scientists to develop new medical devices and methodologies for detecting infection/AMR in clinical settings. He also has overseas research experience with a team comprising paediatricians and clinical microbiologists to investigate the epidemic trend of antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens causing neonatal sepsis and meningitis.

Professor Neil Boonham

Neil is a Professor at the Institute for Agri-Food Research and Innovation at Newcastle University. He has a strong interest in AMR research in particular fungicide resistance and its development in crop pests. Neil has a background in plant virology and molecular biology and in recent years has focused on the application of post-genomic technologies to provide applied solutions to detection problems in agricultural and environmental analysis. In the agricultural and biosecurity work the research is focused on development of targeted techniques for in-field and automated detection of pathogens. This encompasses development of diagnostic techniques to enable rapid decision making in the agri-food supply chain to the automated measurement of airborne inoculum; the goal is to provide end users with data enabling them to make more timely and effective management decisions. In addition the use of next generation sequencing for detection and characterisation of the causal agents of disease and virus discovery through to investigating the impact microbial communities have in modulating disease symptoms and severity.
Neil maintains a keen interest in Virology in particular the interaction between viruses and plant hosts, the evolution of virus species and the characterisation of persistent viruses in plants. Neil has authored more than 100 peer reviewed publications and is an editor for the Journal of Virological Methods and a special associate Professor at the University of Nottingham. Neil regularly provides keynote and plenary lectures at international conferences and lectures at undergraduate and masters degree courses at the Universities of Nottingham, Leeds and Harper Adams.

Dr Alasdair Hubbard

Alasdair is a lecturer in Microbiology at Nottingham Trent University. His main research interests are focused on antimicrobial resistance and experimental evolution. Specifically, improving the translation of studies on the evolution of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to clinical practice and understanding the mismatch between phenotypic resistance and the genetic determinants of resistance to improve tools to predict AMR. Main research interests are focused on antimicrobial resistance and experimental evolution. Specifically, improving the translation of studies on the evolution of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to clinical practice and understanding the mismatch between phenotypic resistance and the genetic determinants of resistance to improve tools to predict AMR.

Current projects:
Studying evolution of AMR in physiologically relevant environments
Our primary research focus is to use organoids which represent parts of the human body to study the evolution of antimicrobial resistance to clinically relevant antibiotics in pathogens isolated from clinical samples. Here, we aim to produce robust data on how AMR develops during antimicrobial therapy and use this to guide the use of antibiotics to limit AMR.
Novel mutations leading to beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitor resistance
Using multiple approaches, we aim to identify novel mutations which may arise in beta-lactamases which confer resistance to beta-lactam/beta-lactamase inhibitors and characterise the phenotypic properties. This will improve AMR prediction by identifying possible mutations before they arise in clinic.
Silencing and reactivation of AMR genes
Silencing of AMR genes can complicate AMR prediction as the gene is present in genotypic data but phenotypically the isolate will be susceptible to the antibiotic. Understanding the silencing and reactivation of AMR genes will give us an important insight into what may occur during antimicrobial therapy.
Relationship between mutational selection windows and collateral susceptibility
Mutational selection windows (MSW) can be used to predict the antibiotic concentrations which can select for AMR mutations, while some AMR mutations can result in increased/decreased susceptibility to other unrelated antibiotics. In this project, we aim to determine whether MSWs to one antibiotic is affects the MSW to a second antibiotic and whether this can predict collateral susceptibility networks.

Dr David Wareham

David Wareham qualified (MBBS) from the London Hospital Medical College in 1994 and trained in general medicine in East London and Essex before specialist training in Medical Microbiology in North East Thames (FRCPath). He was awarded a Clinical Training Fellowship to study aspects of Pseudomonas aeruginosa pathogenicity at Queen Mary University in 2002 and was appointed as Senior Clinical Lecturer in Microbiology in July 2005 (PhD). He is an Honorary Consultant Microbiologist at Barts Health, Newham University and Homerton NHS Trusts where he is responsible for aspects of intensive care microbiology. His current research interests include the molecular epidemiology, mechanisms of resistance and pathogenicity of Gram-negative nosocomial pathogens. 

Dr Colin R. Crick

Research group leader in the development of Novel Functional Materials, focusing on the engineering of surface chemistry and morphology for targeted applications. This includes; water repellent materials, water purification, anti-biofouling and self-cleaning surfaces. Expertise encompasses a wide range of materials and coatings synthesis methodologies, advanced characterisation techniques, and performance benchmarking. Dr Crick works closely with a range of commercial and academic partners to target real-world impact. 

Dr James Bradley

James is a Senior Lecturer at the Queen Mary University, London. He earned his BSc in Physical Geography from the University of Bristol in 2011. He completed a PhD in Geographical Sciences at the University of Bristol in 2016. James was then awarded a Postdoctoral Fellowship from the Centre for Dark Energy  Biosphere Investigations, at the University of Southern California in Los Angeles (2016-2018), and was awarded a second fellowship from the Deep Carbon Observatory, also held at the University of Southern California (2018-2019). James also holds a Humboldt Fellowship at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam.  In 2019 James was appointed as a Lecturer (Assistant-Professor) in the School of Geography at Queen Mary University of London, and was promoted to Senior Lecturer in 2021.
He has strong interest in AMR in particular in the co-evolution of microorganisms and their environment – with a focus on the fast-changing polar regions.

Dr Omololu Fagunwa

Dr Omololu Fagunwa is a microbiologist with experience in public health programmes and pharmaceutical policies. Dr Fagunwa’s research is focused on microbiome studies for health and biotechnological applications. His interests include elucidating gut microbes, and their functions in various physiological conditions of the host. Dr Fagunwa is currently working on the potential of a novel microneedle-based delivery system in the prevention of Antimicrobial Resistance. He is a Research Fellow at Queen’s University Belfast 

Professor Gerd Wagner

Professor Wagner joined Queen’s University in October 2019 from King’s College London, where he was a founding member of the new Department of Chemistry.His research is focussed on the development of chemical tools to address fundamental challenges in biology, biotechnology and medicine. He is particularly interested in the role of complex glycans and carbohydrates in infection, inflammation and cancer. Current research themes are concerned with:
(1) Covalent inhibitors and probes to study antimicrobial resistance
(2) Chemical glycoengineering of biopharmaceuticals
(3) Carbohydrate-active enzymes as targets for drug discovery

Dr Ben Swift

Ben is a Lecturer in Antimicrobial Resistance at the Royal Veterinary College at the University of London. During Ben’s PhD he developed novel diagnostics for mycobacterial diseases, based on using bacteriophage. He then successfully patented this technology and here at the RVC and is currently funded to further develop this and novel technology further to aid the diagnosis of mycobacterial diseases in human and veterinary settings. Here at the RVC he is involved in researching drivers of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the environment, where he aims to fill in the significant gaps in research in this area, to address the potential risks the environment poses in the spread of AMR, both in the UK and in low-middle income countries.
He is very interested in applied biology and translating research from bench to consumer and is keen to collaborate with academia and industry 

Dr Paolo Bertoncello

Paolo Bertoncello graduated in 1997 with a MSc. in Industrial Chemistry, followed by a PhD in Biophysics at the University of Genoa in 2007. After postdoctoral experience at the University of Texas at Austin he moved to the University of Warwick under a Marie Curie Fellowship. Then, he moved to Dublin City University under a Marie Curie Reintegration grant. In 2010 he was appointed Senior Lecturer in Chemical Engineering at Swansea University and promoted Associate Professor in 2016. He’s author of 50+ publications (h-index 26; 2300+ citations). His main research interests are the use of functionalised nanomaterials as electrochemical and electrochemiluminescence-based sensors applied to health (early detection of cancer, antimicrobial resistance) and environmental monitoring. He has also interest on electrocatalysis applied to energy (hydrogen evolution and oxygen reduction reactions). His worked is funded by the EPSRC and Cancer Research UK.

Biography:

  • MSc. Industrial Chemistry (University Ca’ Foscari, Italy) 1997
  • PDRA (UT Austin, US) 2003-2004
  • PhD Biophysics (University of Genoa, Italy) 2003
  • Marie Curie RTN Fellow (University of Warwick, UK) 2004-2005
  • Marie Curie Intra-European Fellow (University of Warwick, UK) 2005-2007
  • Marie Curie Reintegration Grant Fellow (DCU, Ireland) 2007-2010
  • Senior Lecturer Chemical Engineering (Swansea University, UK) 2010-2016
  • Associate Professor in Chemical Engineering (Swansea University, UK) 2016-present

Dr Andrew Singer

Andrew Singer is a Principal Scientist at the UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology in Wallingford. He is an environmental microbiologist with expertise in pollutant chemistry and water quality modelling. During the COVID-19 pandemic, he led the NERC-UKRI-funded National COVID-19 Wastewater-based Epidemiology Surveillance Programme and served as Chair of the Expert Advisory Group & Technical Lead within the Home Office Wastewater Surveillance programme. In 2022-23, he led a Home Office programme focused on developing automated pathogen surveillance instrumentation for wastewater. He is an international lead on catchment-scale analysis of the sources and drivers of antibiotic resistance in the environment, working with a One Health perspective in Argentina, Malawi, Thailand and Uganda. He is a frequent contributor to the debate on how to achieve more effective and sustainable innovation in antibiotic development. He served on the UK Scientific Pandemic Influenza Advisory Committee from 2007 to 2013 led by Dame Sally Davies.

Professor Barbara Kasprzyk-Hordern

The principal research interests of our group fall into the three interrelated research areas of environmental, analytical and water sciences. We work in the area of water quality and novel technologies used to decrease contamination of water. Our recent interests focus on water fingerprinting to inform the state of the environment and public health.
ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH
Emerging micropollutants in the environment
Emerging environmental contaminants including pharmaceuticals, illicit drugs, personal care products and endocrine disruptors are a group of compounds without well understood occurrence, fate and effects in the environment and human  health but with the potential to cause such effects. Our research concentrates on identifying new micropollutants in environmental matrices, understanding their fate in the environment and identifying their possible effects on humans and the environment. This includes the development of new analytical methodology primarily utilising liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry to identify and quantify micropollutants and their transformation products at low ppt levels.
Chiral pollutants
The enantiomers of chiral compounds can differ in interactions with chiral environments such as enzymes in the body. Therefore in biological systems they can be recognised as two different substances that elicit different responses: one enantiomer of the same drug may produce the desired therapeutic activity, while the other may be inactive or even toxic. The ratio of active/inactive enantiomer of the chiral drug can change significantly after its administration, metabolism in and excretion from the body. It can be subsequently altered during biological wastewater treatment and when the drug is already present in the environment. Biological processes can lead to stereoselective enrichment or depletion of enantiomeric composition of chiral drugs. Therefore the very same drug might reveal different activity and toxicity and this will depend on its origin and exposure to several factors governing its fate in the environment.
Existing reports on the presence and fate of pharmacologically active compounds, due to their non-enantioselective analysis, do not tackle the problem of their chirality. As a result, current understanding of environmental fate and effects of chiral drugs is limited, might be inaccurate and misleading, as it incorrectly assumes that enantiomers have identical environmental behaviour and toxicity. Therefore to understand and predict the mechanisms governing the fate of chiral drugs, their possible toxicity and impact on the environment, determination of enantiomeric composition of chiral drugs in environmental matrices is essential and constitutes a vital part of our research. This involves also the development of analytical methods capable of enantiomeric separation of chiral drugs and their application in environmental context.
Antimicrobials and antimicrobial resistance
PUBLIC HEALTH
Rapid assessment of public health is essential for the prevention, control or mitigation of exposure risks (e.g. to chemical contaminants or pathogenic organisms) and for improving health. There is growing, albeit still limited, evidence of cause – effect association between man-made chemicals present in industrial and household products, often leaching into the environment, and public health outcomes. These include poor air quality linked with higher prevalence of asthma in urban populations, and presence of endocrine disrupting chemicals in household products linked with diabetics or infertility. Strategies to control and regulate anthropogenic chemicals are limited due to gaps in evidence resulting from limited risk assessment methods. More efficient approaches are needed to identify cause-effect linkages between the environment and human health. Attempts to link environmental stressors with health effects are currently undertaken via molecular epidemiology and human biomonitoring. However, the limitations of molecular epidemiology, due to logistical difficulties and high cost, are the restricted size of study groups and inability to gather comprehensive information on combined spatiotemporal exposure to mixtures of stressors and their effects. There is therefore a need for an evidence-based public health diagnostics and risk prediction system, which will collate long-term comprehensive, spatiotemporal datasets on public health status and trigger rapid response from regulatory and public health sectors with the aim of disease prevention and environmental health promotion. This system, if operated in real-time and if linked with timely response systems, could allow public health threats to be rapidly identified, at low cost, and instantly dealt with, reducing the global burden on public health. Wastewater fingerprinting or wastewater-based epidemiology provides a timely solution. Wastewater-Based Epidemiology (WBE) currently informs worldwide illicit drug use trends. WBE has also been applied to estimate public exposure to lifestyle chemicals, pharmaceuticals, industrial chemicals, household contaminants as well as food contaminants. WBE has revolutionised population health studies, especially in the context of the COVID pandemics. Our research focusses on the development and application of WBE tools with an aim of building early warning systems for environmental and public health. We are currently focussing on biochemical mining of wastewater for markers of community-wide intake of wide-ranging harmful chemicals, pathogenic organisms as well as resulting effects.
WATER TREATMENT
Catalytic ozonation in water treatment
Ozone, due to its high oxidation and disinfection potential, has received much attention in water treatment technology. It is applied in order to improve taste and colour as well as to remove the organic and inorganic compounds in water. Despite the several advantages of using ozone, it has a few disadvantages which limit its application. The main ones are: relatively low solubility and stability in water. Because of both the high cost of ozone production and only partial oxidation of organic compounds present in water, the application of ozonation might not be feasible from an economic point of view. Advanced oxidation processes such as O3/H2O2, UV/O3, UV/H2O2, TiO2/UV, Fenton’s reagents and catalytic ozonation involve the generation of hydroxyl radicals, which are active oxidative species. However, their reactions are not selective and therefore more likely to be hindered by competitive reactions. For that reason, it is also desirable to investigate new methods based on molecular ozone reactions, which allow for both better ozone dissolution and stability in water due to the presence of non-polar materials such as: non-polar fluorinated hydrocarbon solvent or perfluorinated alumina. We focus on investigating the application of metal oxides and zeolites as heterogeneous catalysts for the ozonation of common water micropollutants.
Bioremediation
ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
We develop methods utilising primarily chromatographic techniques and mass spectrometry aiming at environmental and epidemiology applications. We are also interested in new approaches to sample preparation.

Dr Marcela Hernandez

 I am an environmental microbiologist studying the diversity and function of soil microbiomes. My research interests fall into two main areas: the mechanisms and pre-existence of antimicrobial resistance genes in soil ecosystems, and the study of microbes involved in the oxidation of carbon monoxide and methane. The specific aims of my research are to identify and characterise the major players in biogeochemical cycling of the components of trace gases (for example carbon monoxide and methane). I am currently studying the metabolic processes and substrate preferences of microorganisms in volcanic deposits, which are one of the most fertile soils in the world. I analyse the metabolic pathways for key microorganisms by using metagenomic approaches to determine which natural gases they use as carbon sources. For this, I lead sampling campaigns in volcanoes in Chile and the US and incubate volcanic soils with labelled carbon and perform metagenomics to identify the active microbial communities and characterise their function in these soil deposits. I am a member of The Earth and Life Systems Alliance (ELSA) and together with Colin Murrell and Laura Lehtovirta-Morley, we run the ELSA lab at UEA.

Professor Mark Bradley

Based at Queen Mary University of London, Professor Mark Bradley is a chemist by training but with a strong interdisciplinary ethos and translational mind set (for example he spent two years (1989-1991) at Harvard Medical School working the area of protein engineering and site directed mutagenesis). He began his academic career in 1992 at the University of Southampton as a Royal Society University Research Fellow, where he worked in the area of Combinatorial Chemistry, co-founding Ilika Technologies. He moved to the University of Edinburgh in 2005 and over the years he was co-founder of Edinburgh Molecular Imaging, DestiNA Genomics and most recently BioCaptiva. He has published some 400 papers and reviews and 25 patents, is an ERC Advanced grant awardee and has won numerous prizes and awards e.g. Fellowship of the Royal Society of Edinburgh (FRSE), Fellowship of the Royal Society of Chemistry (FRSC), 2019 RSC Interdisciplinary prize and the University of Edinburgh Chancellors Award.
He is the formal PI on the EPSRC supported InLighenUs project and heads the Edinburgh team that encompasses areas of detectors, chemistry and engagement in its broadest senses.

Professor Joyce Tait CBE

Joyce Tait is a Professor at the Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Systems, The University of Edinburgh. She is also the Founding Director of the Innogen Centre/Institute (for further details regarding Innogen Institute, see: https://www.innogen.ac.uk/about). She has an interdisciplinary background, covering natural and social sciences and has specialised in user-focused approaches to complex issues in managing the translational ecosystem for innovative technologies, including regulation/innovation interactions, risk governance and stakeholder involvement in decision making. She has worked in the following areas:  strategic and management decision making in companies and public bodies, agricultural and health-related applications of life sciences, policy analysis, risk assessment and regulation, stakeholder attitudes, science and risk communication, responsible innovation, evaluation and application of interdisciplinary research and sustainable development.
She was awarded a CBE for services to the social sciences in 2005 and is a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. Recent and current appointments include membership of the Engineering Biology Leadership Council, the Prime Minister’s Council for Science and Technology, the Regulatory Horizons Council, and the Boards of the Industrial Biotechnology Innovation Centre and the Roslin Foundation. 
Contributed to Jim O’Neill’s independent antimicrobial resistance review by producing a report for ESRC as to how to incentivise multinational pharmaceutical companies to develop new antimicrobial drugs. In 2021 also developed a report on antimicrobial resistance and ‘pen-side’ diagnostics and rapid response.
As a member of the Regulatory Horizons Council, lead author on the Report on Genetic Technologies and a contributor to other reports on diagnostics involving life sciences and AI as well as infectious diseases. RHC is an independent expert committee that identifies the implications of technological innovation, and provides government with impartial, expert advice on the regulatory reform required to support its rapid and safe introduction. This is aimed at enabling UK to become a Technology Leader in various areas including Life Sciences – by adapting regulatory systems and make them more amenable to innovation, while keeping them safe.
Contributed to Dame Angela McLean’s 2023 Pro-innovation Regulation of Technologies Review: Life Sciences, which includes health-related and non-health applications.
Responsible innovation and PAS440: Worked with BSI and is the technical author of the ‘Responsible Innovation Guide’ PAS 440. This guidance demonstrates how innovators in academia and industry can behave responsibly, and demonstrate that they are being responsible, while also managing the financial, time and competitive pressures involved in developing new technology solutions.

Professor Robert Henderson

Robert Henderson worked for 16 years at CSEM, VLSI Vision Ltd and ST Microelectronics designing image sensors for mobile phone applications before joining the University of Edinburgh in 2005 as an academic. He was promoted to a Professorship of Electronic Imaging at the University of Edinburgh in 2017 and is arguably one of the worlds’ greatest CMOS SPAD architects. He was awarded an ERC Advanced Grant for his world leading work on SPAD detectors, is Co-I on the £5.3M “Single Photons – Expanding the Spectrum (SPEXS) Programme Grant and has presented his work at all the worlds’ leading international CMSO SPAD meetings with a suite of patents to his name. He developed some of the world’s first SPAD detectors in nanometer CMOS technology. He recently co-founded the company Sense Photonics with his sensors the basis of the company’s LIDAR products. 

Dr Michael Chen

Michael Chen is a Senior Lecturer in Chemical Engineering at the University of Edinburgh. Dr Chen’s research is focused on biomaterials, biomedical engineering, biophysics, and the application of nanomaterials in biology and medicine. In these areas, he has been working on physical (microneedle & nanoneedle arrays) and chemical (nanomaterials) for drug delivery and sensing.
He has published >120 papers in peer-reviewed journals including Nature Communications, Advanced Materials, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Advanced Functional Materials, Small, Advanced Healthcare Materials, Journal of the American Chemical Society, Nano Letters, ACS Nano, Biomaterials, Journal of Controlled Release, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, and Chemical Society Reviews. These publications generated an h-index of 55 and >7500 citations. Additionally, he has 2 book chapters and 12 granted patents & 15 patent applications in drug delivery technologies in major countries and regions, mostly in the USA and Europe.
For scientific community service, he serves as a reviewer for many fields’ top journals such as Science Robotics, Nature Communications, Science Advances, Advanced Materials, Small, Advanced Healthcare Materials, Journal of the American Chemical Society, ACS Nano, Nano Letters, ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Journal of Controlled Release, Biomaterials, Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, and grant proposals from different research councils in the UK (e.g., EPSRC, BBSRC, MRC, CRUK, and Royal Society) and a number of other countries. He is also an associate editor of IET Nanobiotechnology and an editorial board member of Sensors, Bioengineering, and Journal of Functional Biomaterials.

Professor Gordon Ramage

Gordon Ramage is a Professor at the School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing at the University of Glasgow. He is a world leading international expert in clinical biofilm infections, with a particular focus on fungus (yeasts and moulds). His group undertakes range of projects in the oral cavity and beyond, investigating complex inter kingdom biofilm infections and understanding more effective ways to diagnose and treat these infections. His group also has an interest in controlling moulds and yeasts on surfaces within the hospital and built environment. His group has extensive experience of microbiome and mycobiome analysis, and using these data to inform the development of biofilm models systems to test new and established antimicrobials (antifungals, antibiotics, antiseptics, disinfectants and novels). Prof Ramage has over 25 years experience in clinical microbiology and has a longstanding working relationship with the commercial partners:
– GlaxoSmithKline
– Unilever
– Gilead Sciences
– BluTest Laboratories
Key current funded projects
* Plasma activated antimicrobial systems for managing wound infection (EPSRC)
* OMICs approaches to oral health (BBSRC)
* Targeted endolysin treatment of bacterial vaginosis (Innovate UK, CCBio and GCU)
* Integrated Analysis Toolkit for Personalised Oral Health Care (Haleon – formerly GSK Consumer Healthcare)
* Investigating interkingdom biofilm interactions in oral & systemic disease (various) 
Gordon graduated from Edinburgh University with a B.Sc. (Hons) in Medical Microbiology in 1996. He then received a Ph.D. from the Queen’s University of Belfast in prosthetic joint infection in 1999. He subsequently undertook two postdoctoral research positions over a 4 year period (2000-2003), focusing on fungal and bacterial biofilm infections at the University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio (USA) and the University of Calgary (Canada). In 2004 he returned to the UK and was appointed as a Lecturer in Microbiology at Glasgow Caledonian University prior to taking up a position of Senior Lecturer in Microbiology at the University of Glasgow Dental School in 2007. Gordon has been the head of Biological and Medical Sciences and the lead for the Infection and Immunity Research Group since 2009. Gordon received his Personal Chair in 2012 and was promoted to Professor of Medical Microbiology. His a Fellow of Royal College of Pathoologists (FRCPath), and is currently the Chair of the European Society for Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Disease (ESCMID) Study Group for Biofilms (ESGB) and a Fellow of the European Confederation of Medical Mycology (FECMM). He is an honorary member of the British Society for Medical Mycology (BSMM) and acts as a consultant and key opinion leader for a number of commercial partners. 

Professor Christoph Wälti

Christoph Wälti is a Professor of Bionanotechnology in the School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Leeds. His research interests lie in molecular nanotechnology with particular focus on self-assembly applications and the interface between biology and semiconductors. Christoph graduated from ETH Zürich, Switzerland, with an MSc in Physics in 1995 and received his PhD in 2000 from the Laboratory of Solid State Physics of the same institution with a thesis on the study of the symmetry of the order parameter in the heavy-electron superconductor UBe13. In 2001 he was awarded a Swiss Marie-Curie Fellowship to work on the self-assembly of molecular complexes using DNA at the Cavendish Laboratory of the University of Cambridge. Using affirmers, he has developed rapid diagnostic tests to detect infections and antimicrobial resistance.

Dr Timothy Felton

Timothy Felton is a Senior Lecturer in the Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine, University of Manchester. He is also the Consultant in Intensive Care and Respiratory Medicine at the Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust (MFT) and Director of Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust’s Diagnostics and Technology Accelerator (DiTA).  He qualified in medicine in 1999 at the University of Nottingham and undertook his training in Respiratory and Intensive Care Medicine in the North West of England and in Sydney, Australia.  He completed an MRC Clinical Research Training Fellowship and was awarded his PhD in anti-infective pharmacology by The University of Manchester in 2014. His research interests include precision management (otherwise known as antimicrobial stewardship) in patients with respiratory infection, antimicrobial resistance, clinical trials to optimise diagnosis and treatment in infection and pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics (including population PK modelling). He has particular expertise related to optimising antimicrobial drug regimens to suppress emergence of anti-microbial resistance.   He is involved in a number of academic and commercial clinical trials in critically ill patients with severe infections. He is a member of The Intensive Care Society, European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, The British Thoracic Society, and European Respiratory Society.  Dr Felton has received £10M of external grant funding over the last 5 years. Dr Felton currently lead the respiratory infection programme of the NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, co-chairs the Antimicrobial Resistance Group within Greater Manchester Intergrated Care System and recently worked as an external advisor to NICE and NHS England on the novel subscription model for antibiotics (“Models for the evaluation and purchase of antimicrobials”). 

Dr Amanda Wright

Amanda Wright obtained her PhD in Physics (Optics) from the University of Manchester, held a Royal Academy of Engineering/EPSRC Research Fellowship and is currently Professor in the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering at the University of Nottingham. She is PI on a “Technology Touching Life” project, leading a team of six investigators, from three UK institutions, based across four different research disciplines (£1.4M) (2018-2021). She is currently the Co-I (and Nottingham lead) in the EPSRC Inlightenus project (£5 M) providing her expertise in techniques including optical trapping, light sheet microscopy, fluorescence microscopy and adaptive optics. Her lab specialises in developing bespoke optical instruments to image, measure and perturb biological systems, characterising properties such as viscosity and elasticity of cells and their surrounding environments. She is also interested in developing frugal diagnostic devices suitable for resource-limited settings.

Professor Kim Hardie

Dr Hardie’s main interest is in how bacteria use secreted proteins such as toxins to help them cause infections. This includes how the bacteria transport and regulate the proteins, and how the proteins function. In particular, she is interested in how these weapons are deployed and the role they play in the complex communities that bacteria form on surfaces (biofilms). This is particularly important as biofilms serve as reservoirs for infection and aid the infection process. In addition, bacteria in biofilms are more resistant to antibiotics, and I am interested in how the antimicrobials penetrate biofilms and how individual bacteria respond as they come in contact with the antimicrobials. The hope is that we will uncover novel antimicrobial targets that are unlikely to trigger the development of antimicrobial resistance, and thereby increase our repertoire of therapies and preventions to curb bacterial infections. Dr Hardie can comment on bacterial infections and hygiene e.g. hand washing to prevent the transmission of bacteria and new antimicrobial strategies. For more information about Dr Hardie’s work, see her University webpage. Previous media experience has included an appearance on BBC East Midlands Today, taking part in radio interviews and acting as an expert commentator for a Daily Mail piece about superbugs.
Media appearances:

Consultancy and Research:  Dr Hardie is happy to explore opportunities to undertake consultancy and research work with external organisations.

Professor Hany Elsheikha

Hany Elsheikha is a Professor and Chair of Interdisciplinary Parasitology in the global health department in School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham (SVMS-UoN). Hany is also a European Veterinary Parasitology College diplomate, the head of European Scientific Counsel Companion Animal Parasites UK & Ireland and a Fellow of the Higher Education Academy. He earned his PhD from Michigan State University for research performed on the molecular evolution of the causative agent of equine protozoal myeloencephalitis. He was awarded the prestigious American Society for Microbiology (ASM)/National Center for Infectious Diseases (NCID) Postdoctoral Fellowship. Since joining SVMS-UoN, he has been spearheading the development and delivery of parasitology teaching. Also, he has established a multidisciplinary research programme focused on decoding the interkingdom chemical communication between the host cells and neuropathogenic protozoan parasites, with a special interest in Toxoplasma gondii. Key areas of interest include host-parasite interaction, anti-parasitic drug discovery, parasite evolution and parasites of public health impacts. He has published more than 270 peer-reviewed papers and many other articles in professional magazines and science communication journals. Hany has published 8 books in veterinary, tropical and medical parasitology for students, residents and professionals. 

Dr Sidahmed Abayzeed

Sidahmed is an Assistant Professor in Biomedical Imaging and Sensing. Since September 2022, he has been a member of the Electric and Electronic Engineering Department, University of Nottingham. Before assuming this role, Sidahmed was an independent Nottingham Research Fellow from 2019 to 2022.
Sidahmed obtained his Ph.D. in Electrical and Electronic Engineering from the University of Nottingham in 2016. Shortly after that, he was awarded EPSRC Doctoral Prize Fellowship at the Faculty of Engineering, which allowed him to further explore and test new concepts in impedance microscopy, a novel technology for label-free characterization of biological samples. 
Following the completion of his Doctoral Prize Fellowship, Sidahmed was awarded a prestigious Nottingham Research Fellowship in 2019. This fellowship recognized his expertise and potential, providing him with the opportunity to set up and lead cutting-edge research in the field of bioelectrical imaging and sensing. As part of this fellowship, Sidahmed focused on advancing the field by developing a new generation of impedance micro-spectroscopy technology. This innovative tool aims to deepen our understanding of how living systems generate and conduct electrical signals, with potential of wide-range applications in biomedical research and clinical settings. For example, impedance micro-spectroscopy of single bacterial cells is expected to offer new diagnostics tools or rapid antimicrobial susceptibility tests, which will advance the efforts against antimicrobial resistance. This will build on Sidahmed earlier preliminary work that focused on developing a compact and automated instrument for culture-free detection of bacteria in urine using surface plasmon resonance sensors. This project aimed to enable rapid and accurate diagnosis of UTIs, addressing the critical need for tools that facilitate quick detection of infections. The delay in UTI diagnosis often leads to the prescription of empirical broad-spectrum antibiotics, contributing to the growing problem of antimicrobial resistance. 

Dr Sesha Venkateswaran

Sesha Venkateswaran is a Chemical Engineer with a PhD in materials and polymer science, and an industrial experience of ~16 years, in research and development, manufacturing, business development and managing international business. Sesha has worked with multi-nationals such as Unilever as well as SME’s – in India, UK, Spain and other European countries.
In the last 10 years within academia he has collaborated extensively in diverse work cultures across the world and forged partnerships. He is passionate about frugal diagnostics and was part of two such projects, (i) a UK-India Newton project relating to detection of co-selectors of AMR, and (ii) was the coordinator and architect of ARREST-TB, a £4.5M multilateral (UK, India, Russia, Italy and Spain) project to develop TB diagnostics for resource-limited settings. He is the founder of Help to Breathe (with the mission to help hospitals in India) and Nellikani (with the mission to fight hunger in rural India).
He currently works as the Project Manager of Inlightenus a multidisciplinary project between the Universities of Edinburgh, Nottingham and Southampton, funded by the EPSRC (£5M).

Dr Collin Sones

 Collin Sones has been at the world renowned Optoelectronics Research Centre (ORC) at the University of Southampton since 2000 and in 2016 was promoted to a Principal Research Fellow. He has pioneered, developed and patented novel laser-direct-write techniques, authored over 145 research outputs and been PI/Co-I on four EPSRC grants (~ £2.5M). His current research interests are focused on using lasers to pattern porous materials for paper-based fluidics-based diagnostic devices. His novel and disruptive research, which underpins this submission, has been widely acknowledged and endorsed both by academia and by industry, where the significance of the work has been highlighted as “an upcoming technology that could provide transformative changes to the lateral flow device (LFD) industry”. He has filed multiple patents relating to this laser-patterning methodology and is the founder of Highfield diagnostics limited aimed at commercialising his technologies, in particular for low-cost diagnosis of antimicrobial resistance.

Dr Robert Hammond

 Robert Hammond is a Lecturer in the Division of Infection and Global Health, University of St Andrews and has a keen research interest in the development of rapid diagnostics to identify susceptible and resistant bacteria in less than 30 minutes. He is an Accredited Biomedical Scientist with a particular interest in microbiology. Dr Hammond was educated in Northern England where he grew up and attended the universities of Strathclyde and Glasgow to attain his Undergraduate and Masters Degrees. Dr Hammond subsequently completed his PhD at St Andrews in 2016. In the same year Dr Hammond and colleagues won a Longitude Prize Discovery Award. In 2018 Dr Hammond and colleagues spun out a company and took on the role as an Industrial Research Fellow while being nominated and winning the Scottish Life Science Innovation of the Year Award (2018). In 2022 the Royal Academy of Engineers Honourd Dr Ahmmond by naming him Young Engineer of the Year. All of these honours have been surrounding the novel diagnostic technology, SLIC, which is aimed at rapid detection of antimicrobial resistance. 

Professor Damion Corrigan

 Damion Corrigan is currently the LGC Professor in Measurement Science for Health and leads the Centre for Advanced Measurement and Health Translation – a joint initiative with the National Measurement Laboratory (NML) at the Laboratory of the Government Chemist (LGC) and the University of Strathclyde. The aim of the centre is to develop cutting edge interdisciplinary projects which drive new healthcare and measurement science R&D in Scotland.Using his core expertise in electrochemical sensing, analytical chemistry and device fabrication his research aims to develop improved diagnostic tests for clinically important conditions such as, drug resistant bacterial infections, COVID-19, sepsis, cancer and epilepsy. His group works on a range of sensor systems, from high value microfabricated arrays, to wearables and through to low cost devices for use in resource limited settings. In addition to academic research, translational activity is an important aspect of the group’s work ensuring that developments from the lab ultimately find real world application. As a result of this, he is the co-founder of two spin-out companies (Aureum Diagnostics and Microplate Dx) and centrally involved in their ongoing R&D activity. Damion’s work is often highly interdisciplinary involving industrial partners (e.g. GSK, National Nuclear Laboratory, AstraZeneca, Lifescan, Aptamer Group, FlexMedical Solutions, Biotangents and other SMEs) and projects rely on close collaboration with other academics,

Professor Mark Chambers

Mark occupies a privileged joint appointment between the Schools of Veterinary Medicine and Biosciences in the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences at the University of Surrey. This allows him to pursue his passion for the development, application, and evaluation of disease intervention strategies in their very broadest sense, bringing him into transdisciplinary collaborations internally and externally to the University.
Much of his research past and present has focussed on researching creative ideas for addressing endemic diseases of livestock – mostly bovine tuberculosis and latterly, bovine respiratory disease (BRD), as a complex of coinfections.
Since joining the University in 2013, he has led on the development of a laboratory model of the cow lung to gain new insights into tuberculosis and BRD, the study of non-tuberculosis mycobacteria, and was recently part of a large European consortium that studied the risk of transfer of antimicrobial resistance across agriculture, livestock, and human boundaries.
He is currently working on the development of a LAMP diagnostic assay for BRD funded by the BBSRC, human oncoviral therapy (especially to bladder cancer) with Professor Hardev Pandha, and innovative design-led approaches to improve infection prevention and control awareness and implementation to reduce reliance on antibiotics, whilst developing collaborative projects in the areas of improved tuberculosis vaccines and in vitro organoid models for their assessment, feline asthma, racehorse lameness exploiting AI approaches, and computerised fluid dynamic modelling of airflow in cattle sheds.
He has decades of experience of vaccine development and licensing for the veterinary sector, including diagnostic test development and validation.
Driven by a One Health, One Medicine ethos his ambition is to make the University of Surrey a centre of excellence for research on BRD and see a new therapy for bladder cancer enter the clinic.

Professor Roberto La Ragione

Roberto graduated in 1995 and then went on to study for a post graduate degree in veterinary microbiology at the Royal Veterinary College (University of London). In 1996 he moved to the government’s Veterinary Laboratories Agency (VLA) to undertake a PhD on the pathogenesis of E. coli in poultry. On completion of his PhD studies, Roberto commenced a post-doctoral position at Royal Holloway, University of London, studying E. coli virulence factors and vaccine development. Since 2001 his work has focused largely on the analysis of the colonisation, shedding and transmission of E. coli O157:H7 by all farmed animal species and he has led a number of commercial, Defra, research council (BBSRC, MRC, EPSRC, AHRC, Innovate) and EU projects in this area. He has published extensively in the area of host-microbe interaction with a particular emphasis on E. coli and Salmonella.
His current research interests focus on the pathogenesis of food-borne pathogens with a particular interest on AMR and the development of intervention strategies including vaccination, pre and probiotics for the control of bacterial pathogens such as Salmonella, Brachyspira and E. coli in food producing animals.
In 2005, Roberto was appointed Head of Pathogenesis and Control at the AHVLA and in 2010 he was appointed Professor of Veterinary Microbiology and Pathology at the University of Surrey. He gained the FRCPath in 2010 and in 2012 was appointed the Associate Dean for Veterinary Strategy in the new School of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Surrey. In 2014 he was appointed to the position of Head of the Department of Pathology and Infectious Diseases and Director of the Veterinary Pathology Centre. In 2019 he was appointed Deputy Head of the School of Veterinary Medicine at the University of Surrey. In 2021 he was appointed Head of the School of Biosciences and Medicine. He is the past president of the Med-Vet-Net Association and the Veterinary Research Club, the current Chair of the Humanimal Trust, a Trustee of the Houghton Trust, a member of the APHA Science Advisory Board, a member of the FSA ACMSF AMR sub-committee and the Chair of the Royal College of Pathologists Veterinary Pathology SAC. Roberto is an Associate member of the European College of Veterinary Microbiology and in 2020 he was awarded Honorary Associateship of the Royal College of Veterinary Surgeons.

Dr Abel B. Ekiri

Abel holds a veterinary degree from Makerere University (Uganda) and MS and PhD degrees in epidemiology from the University of Florida (USA). Additionally, Abel is a board-certified member/diplomate of the American College of Veterinary Preventive Medicine (DACVPM). Abel values interdisciplinary collaborative research and has interests and experience in the application of clinical, field, molecular and analytical epidemiology, and One Health approaches to address research questions relevant to animal health and public health in both developed and resource-limited settings. Prior to his current role, Abel contributed to research activities on livestock health, management and production and antimicrobial use practices of animal health professionals in sub-Saharan Africa. Previously Abel was a Research Scientist at the One Health Institute at the University of California-Davis (USA) and at North Dakota State University (USA), where he contributed to research and capacity building activities in the areas of One Health and transboundary animal diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. Areas of specialism: Infectious disease epidemiology; One Health; Hospital-acquired infections and infection prevention and control practices; Antimicrobial use practices and antimicrobial stewardship.

Dr Munehiro Asally

Munehiro Asally is an Associate Professor, School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick. Munehiro is interested in developing biophysical technologies and tools for synthetic biology, in particular, how electricity and light can be used to modulate membrane potential and how bioelectrical changes can be used to control gene expression. He has expertise in Molecular biology, fluorescence microscopy, time-lapse imaging, quantitative image analysis, and phenomenological modelling. He studies electrophysiology, electrical signalling in bacteria, biofilms, and swarming and has been published in prestigious scientific journals such as Nature, PNAS and eLife. Munehiro has a track record of many successful collaborations with active-matter physics, non-linear physics, neuroscience, material science, electrochemistry, organic chemistry and robotic engineering. His research has a translational focus and he is the co-founder of Cytecom, a spin-off from the University of Warwick that applies his technology for rapid detection of antibiotic resistance.

Dr Freya Harrison

Freya Harrison is a  Reader in Microbiology at the School of Life Sciences, University of Warwick. Her team focusses on chronic infections of hosts whose normal defence mechanisms are compromised. Her key interests are cystic fibrosis lung infection, chronic wounds (primarily diabetic foot infections) and ventilator-associated pneumonia. In all of these contexts, different species of bacteria come together to form slime-encased multicellular biofilms that protect the microbes within from attack by antibiotics, or by the host’s immune system.
Further, in all cases the infecting bacteria find a unique environment whose physicochemistry differs greatly from the environment inside healthy host tissues, or in standard lab culture conditions. Changes in bacterial physiology due to their abiotic and biotic environment mean that it can be very hard to predict, from standard diagnostic lab tests, which antibiotics might be able to penetrate biofilm defences and kill bacteria in vivo. To better understand how bacteria establish chronic biofilm infection in the cystic fibrosis airways, her team built a new lab model of the environment inside the lungs using lung tissue from pigs slaughtered for meat to build realistic cystic fibrosis biofilms in the lab. Her team worked with a microbiological testing company (Perfectus Biomed Ltd) to translate the lab model into a UKAS-accredited platform for antibiofilm drug testing for commercial clients. She has also started building a similar lab model of the biofilms that form on endotracheal tubes, and which cause ventilator-associated pneumonia. She collaborates widely with colleagues to test a variety of novel therapeutics (including antimicrobial polymers, nanoparticles, phage) on biofilms grown in her high-validity host-mimicking models. Freya is also a founder member of the interdisciplinary AncientBiotics consortium. Colleagues from the sciences and the arts and humanities work together to identify, reconstruct and test infection remedies from medieval medical books in the hope of finding new agents to treat antibiotic-resistant infection. The consortium thinks that these historical texts could hold the key to discovering effective new drugs based on the cocktails of natural products present in the plants and other materials used by our ancestors.

Professor Matt Keeling OBE

Dr Elizabeth Fullam

The broad aim of our research group is to use a multidisciplinary approach, using chemistry, biochemistry and microbiology techniques, to decipher which nutrients Mtb can access and use, the mechanisms of import and how Mtb modifies its biology and ability to cause infection when its access to nutrients is altered. We envisage that unravelling what Mtb eats will reveal new mechanisms that can be targeted in the quest for novel strategies and interventions to thwart this deadly disease and improve human health.

Dr Massimo Cavallaro

Dr Arun Harish

Arun is the Strategy Director and General Manager – Electronics,  at CPI and he leads strategies for CPI’s sustainable growth and impact generation. Since joining CPI in 2008, Arun has held diverse roles spanning technology commercialisation, innovation consulting, fund-raising from private and public sources and business development. He has also shaped the development of CPI’s National Healthcare Photonics Centre and the Medicines Manufacturing Innovation Centre.
Prior to joining CPI, Arun worked with venture capital funded technology start-ups in the UK (Farfield Group) and India (Tejas Networks), where he held business development and R&D roles. Arun is passionate about the role of innovation centres in enabling economic and societal impact and supporting cluster formation. He is a thought leader on investment readiness for high-growth SMEs, and has acted as Co-Chair for the European Commission’s Independent Steering group on investment readiness linked with SME actions.
Arun holds a PhD in medical nanotechnologies from the Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University and an MBA from Warwick Business School, where he specialised in entrepreneurial finance and venture capital.
Arun is the Founding Chair of a UK based charity UTSAAH (Uniting to Sustain and Assist Himalayan communities) which supports rural Himalayan communities in the areas of enterprise, conservation and healthcare.

Dr Stuart Hannah

Chief Executive Officer – Microplate Dx

10+ years academic and industrial experience in biotechnology, medical devices and diagnostics development for healthcare. Raised >£1M to date in private and non-dilutive commercial funding. Previous Royal Society of Edinburgh Enterprise Fellow. 
Microplate Dx are an award winning spinout company from the University of Strathclyde in Glasgow, specialising in developing novel diagnostic solutions to tackle the major global health threat of antimicrobial resistance. The Microplate Dx technology is based on the simple yet highly innovative concept of using highly sensitive biosensor electrodes, modified with miniaturised hydrogel deposits laden with different antibiotics, depending on the infection type being measured. Microplate Dx exists to prevent and control the spread of antimicrobial resistance worldwide. To date, Microplate Dx has raised close to £1M in private equity investment, non-dilutive grant funding and competition wins. A recent clinical feasibility study performed in collaboration with the NHS has shown successful detection of the optimum antibiotic for an infection in well under an hour. We are now working to scale up our first product for difficult-to-treat urinary tract infections, before expanding our platform capabilities into new infectious disease areas of significant clinical need. 

Dr Michelle Buckner

Dr Buckner is a Lecturer in the Institute of Microbiology and Infection. Her team’s research focuses on understanding plasmid-mediated antimicrobial resistance in clinically-relevant Gram-negative bacteria. Research in Dr Buckner’s group focuses primarily on:
Understanding how plasmids impact the host bacteria.
Understanding plasmid dynamics among populations.
Devising strategies to reduce the impact of plasmid-mediated resistance.

Dr Magdalena Karlikowska

Magdalena holds a PhD in microbiology from the University of Warwick and 9+ years of academic and industry research experience in microbiology, diagnostics, and clinical trials. Alongside her academic pursuits, Magdalena has extended her influence in the field by providing strategy consulting services to NGOs and actively engaging in public health outreach initiatives in Kenya. As the CEO of Cytecom, a University of Warwick spinout, Magdalena is leading the development of an innovative diagnostic test that shortens the time for targeted antibiotic therapy selection from days to minutes, ensuring safer and more effective treatment. Through her dedication to advancing healthcare solutions and commitment to making a positive impact on global health, she continues to inspire and shape the future of medical research and innovation.

Dr Jessie Carpenter

Vidiia are an impact company that looks to increase the impact of research by getting work from the lab bench and into real-world use cases, to make real impact. We have in-house Artificial Intelligence (AI) expertise and getting assays to the point of commercialisation often involves putting the test on our device with an inbuilt AI result readout, that’s low-cost, portable and accessible to those with a limited diagnostic background. Our work includes the development of an MTBC speciation test for more personalised anti-Tuberculosis treatment, due to knowledge of species-specific drug sensitivities and resistances. This is in partnership with KNUST Ghana, the University of Surrey and the Ghanaian National Tuberculosis control program. We have completed a study on retrospective samples in Ghana and currently have interest from a foundation to fund a large-scale impact study on prospective samples provided by the NTP. We have previously demonstrated our device’s ability to detect AMR markers with our university partners in an Innovate grant and we are looking forward to delving deeper into this area and helping increase the impact of our consortium’s research.

Dr Catrina Prince

Catrina is a Veterinarian and is the Antimicrobial Use, Stewardship and Stakeholder Engagement Manager (Antimicrobial Resistance, Policy and Surveillance team) at the Veterinary Medicines Directorate, with a keen interest in AMR diagnostics.

Dr Aisling Glennie

Aisling is a Veterinarian and is the Head of AMR Policy and Communications at the Veterinary Medicines Directorate, with a keen interest in AMR diagnostics

Niloy Acharya

Niloy is the R&D Programme Manager, Surveillance Division, at the Veterinary Medicines Directorate

Kate Agami

AMR Surveillance and Evidence Support, Veterinary Medicines Directorate

Professor Marieke Emonts

As consultant Paediatric Infectious Diseases & Immunology and Honorary Professor of Paediatric Infectious Diseases I have a sound background in clinic and research from the start. I studied Medicine and Biomedical Sciences in Leiden, the Netherlands, after which I combined my Paediatric training with a PhD post in the Paediatric Infectious Diseases Laboratory at Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands. I completed my PhD on immunogenetics of infectious and inflammatory diseases in 2008. Initially focussing on meningococcal disease I broadened my horizon to include other bacterial infections. My PhD formed the start of wonderful collaborations resulting in participation in two large European funded consortia.The overarching theme in activities is the promotion of diagnostic and therapeutic possibilities for childhood infections, particularly in an era of increasing antimicrobial resistance. This requires focus of the research on:
1.     Early recognition of the type of infection: bacterial vs viral, and type of bacterial infection. This can minimise the unnecessary use of antimicrobials in patients presenting with fever at an A&E, and thus prevent antimicrobial resistance.
2.     Identification of alternative therapeutic targets, particularly in recurrent infective conditions to circumvent antimicrobial resistance. Innate immune factors could be these targets and elucidating their role in infection will aid in identifying which ones could also be targeted for prevention and/or treatment.
3.     Participation in randomised controlled trials facilitating registration of safe and effective antimicrobial/antiviral drugs for paediatric use.
In addition, with my team I have started to explore heallth inequality in infectious diseases. Infections like brain abscesses are more prevalent in the deprived Northeast, and also ED attendance for febrile illness is high for children from low IMD score (more deprived) areas in the region. Please click on the research tab above for further details.This theme is also reflected in my work as consultant Paediatric Infectious Diseases & Immunology at the Great North Children’s Hospital (GNCH) where I look after children with (severe) bacterial, fungal and viral infections. These include meningitis, osteomyelitis (in collaboration with the paediatric orthopaedic team) and congenital CMV infections. With our team, we provide a consultation service as part of the antimicrobial stewardship program. In addition, I am the Paediatric lead for the High Consequence Infectious Diseases Unit in the RVI.I am Curriculum director for the Post Graduate Clinical Research Programmes (Attendance and eLearning) for the Graduate School. I am Deputy Clinical Director and Patient Safety & Governance Lead for the Children’s Directorate, GNCH

Adrian Martineau

Dr Denise O’Sullivan

Dr Denise O’Sullivan, Principal Scientist in Analytical Microbiology, is an experienced scientist in applying molecular and microbiological methods in the field of biomeasurement. She works at the National Measurement Laboratory, LGC developing the field of high accuracy measurements and standardisation in microbiology, particularly in molecular diagnostic methodologies which include AMR detection.

Dr Tracey Farragher

Tracey is an epidemiologist who applies advanced statistical techniques to routine data to address a range of health questions. Her research area of interest is in the application of epidemiological methods to routine data to explore the inequalities of health and wellbeing in individuals and communities.

Dr Pip Hearty

I am a mixed-methods researcher that primarily undertakes research with socially excluded groups. A lot of my previous research has been with prisoner populations.

Dr Ron Daniels

Ron Daniels is an NHS Consultant in Intensive Care, based in Birmingham, U.K. He is also the Founder and Chief Executive of the UK Sepsis Trust and sits on the Executive Board of the Global Sepsis Alliance. In 2016 he was awarded the British Empire Medal for services to patients.
Ron’s expertise lies in translational medicine and leadership. He leads the team driving dissemination of the Sepsis 6 treatment pathway and is part of the team responsible for much of the policy and media engagement around sepsis in the U.K. and elsewhere, including the adoption of the 2017 Resolution on Sepsis by the WHO.
At home, Ron’s worked with the NHS over the last 5 years to ensure that, in England, more than 80% of patients presenting with suspected sepsis now receive appropriate antimicrobials rapidly. He’s ever mindful of the perceived conflict, and the synergies and need for collaboration, with the antimicrobial stewardship agenda.

Dr Kate McLintock

Kate is also a GP who works in prisons.

Dr Ashley Price

Ashley Price is a consultant in Infectious Diseases and General Internal Medicine at Newcastle Hospitals and an honorary clinical lecturer at Newcastle University. Since 2018 Ashley has led the infection theme within the NIHR Newcastle MIC. This builds on the close relationship we established with Ashley during our time as the NIHR Diagnostic Evidence Co-operative (DEC) Newcastle. Ashley has extensive experience as chief and principal investigator on several clinical studies. These include two influential studies with the NIHR DEC Newcastle. Ashley has strengthened his national clinical research links through his role as medical lead for COVID-19 vaccine in the North East and North Cumbria, the lead for Infection within the NIHR Clinical Research Network for North East and Cumbria and co-lead of the analytical performance workstream within the COVID-19 National Diagnostic Research and Evaluation Platform (CONDOR).

Dr Wiebke Schmidt

Wiebke is a Senior Research Scientist, in the Chief Scientist’s group, Environment Agency – and is involved in antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) in the environment, Bathing Waters, and Shellfish Waters. She is a marine biologist and environmental toxicologist with an interest in coastal water quality, and the occurrence and potential biological effects of anthropogenic pollutants, such as human pharmaceuticals. Further research interests includes antimicrobial resistance in the environment and how climate change will impact the water quality in our coastal waters. In her work Wiebke has used a variety of techniques (e.g. biomarker, proteomics) in laboratory experiments and field studies. Furthermore, she has modelled environmental factors to investigate what drives the water quality (e.g., indicated by E.coli, norovirus & biotoxins) in shellfish waters. This information was used to support shellfish farmers in their management decisions.

Dr Alwyn Hart

Alwyn is a theme Expert, Air, Land and Water at Environment Agency, managing a group of around 15 expert environmental scientists working on areas such as land and soil quality, water quality, air pollution and radioactive substances regulation.

Dr Sridhar Govindarajan completed his First Class Engineering degree in Medical Electronics at Bangalore University, India in 2001. He then moved to Newcastle, UK, for his Masters in Biomedical Nanotechnology and then completed his PhD on Micro Biosensors at Newcastle University in 2008. He then joined Swansea University as a Postdoctoral Researcher working on multiple innovative projects relating to biosensors and point-of-care medical diagnostics. He was also part of the established Welsh Centre for Printing and Coating and the Centre for NanoHealth at Swansea University. He later moved to Leicester as a Senior Scientist within a spin-out company working on novel cell-based nanostructured biosensors in 2015, before joining De Montfort University as a Research Assistant within EMTERC in 2017. His current research interests include electrochemical biosensors, nanostructured materials for medical diagnostics, flexible electronics, and nanomaterials for renewable energy. He has also taught various modules at undergraduate and postgraduate levels in Electronics Engineering and Maths, and supervised student projects. His research interests lie mainly in: Nano and Screen-printed Biosensors, Electrochemistry, Point-of-care Medical Diagnostics, Printing Technology, Flexible Electronics, and Nanostructured materials for renewable energy applications.

Image Source: https://tinyurl.com/ukribbsrc